Aba Nigeria Temple 1

Aba Nigeria Temple Wiki

Quick Facts

ANNOUNCED
2 April 2000

ANNOUNCED BY
President Gordon B. Hinckley

GROUNDBREAKING
23 February 2002

GROUNDBREAKING PRESIDED BY
Elder H. Bruce Stucki

DEDICATED
7 August 2005

DEDICATED BY
President Gordon B. Hinckley


DEDICATION ORDER
121

LOCATION
Okpu-Umuoba Road
Off Aba-Owerri Road at Union Bank
Aba, Abia State
Nigeria

Details

The Aba Nigeria Temple is the 121st operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. This temple was built in Aba, in the state of Abia, to serve the nation’s 68,000 members. This was the third temple to be built in Africa. The highly visible temple site is 6.3 acres (25,000 m2) on the outskirts of Aba along the Ogbor River. A bridge had to be built over the river to provide access to the temple.

History

In the 1960’s the Church headquarters received more letters from Nigeria and Ghana than other countries combined. In all the letters the people were asking for more information and asking for missionaries to be sent. Representatives were sent from the Church to see what could be done in Nigeria and there they found thousands who had joined together to form churches patterned after the Latter-day Saint Church. All were waiting until the time when they could be baptized into the Church. The first missionaries were able to enter Nigeria in 1978. People lined up to be baptized and in just a few short weeks the first branch was organized in Nigeria. Now there are more than 68,000 members in Nigeria

Announcement

President Gordon B. Hinckley announced the Aba Nigeria Temple on 2 April 2000, at the end of the Sunday afternoon Session of the 170th Annual General Conference. Others were announced at Asunción Paraguay, Helsinki Finland, Lubbock Texas, Snowflake Arizona, and the Tri-Cities area of the state of Washington (Later Designated the Columbia River Washington Temple.)[1]Hinckley, Gordon B.,“A Time of New Beginnings”, LDS.org, 2 April 2000. Accessed 11 November 2014, https://www.lds.org/general-conference/2000/04/a-time-of-new-beginnings.[2]Fidel, Steve. “LDS Leader Announces 6 New Temples.” Church News, 11 Jan. 2024, www.thechurchnews.com/2000/4/3/23246757/lds-leader-announces-6-new-temples.

ANNOUNCED ORDER
115

Date2000 04 02
ByGordon B. Hinckley
RolePresident
ViaGeneral Conference

⮜Preceded by The Hague Netherlands
Followed by Asunción Paraguay

Groundbreaking

Ground was broken on 23 February 2002 by Elder H. Bruce Stucki of the Second Quorum of the Seventy (Then serving as Africa West Area president.) More than 2,000 people were in attendance. Visitors included church leaders and members, tribal chiefs from the area, and government leaders. Attendees traveled by special bus, local transport and on foot.[3]Noorda, Norman and Sharon, “Nigerian Members Gather for Groundbreaking”, ldschurchnewsarchive.com, 9 March 2002, Accessed 29 August 2016, http://www.ldschurchnewsarchive.com/articles/41420/Nigerian-members-gather-for-groundbreaking.html.

The highly visible temple site is located north of the Ogbor River on the outskirts of Aba overlooking the surrounding valley on Okpu-Umuobo Road. Elder Christopher N. Chukwurah, Area Authority Seventy, who was in attendance at the ceremony was baptized in this river 20 years previous.[4]Noorda, Norman and Sharon, “Nigerian Members Gather for Groundbreaking”, ldschurchnewsarchive.com, 9 March 2002, Accessed 29 August 2016, http://www.ldschurchnewsarchive.com/articles/41420/Nigerian-members-gather-for-groundbreaking.html.

In his comments, Elder Stucki said, “The mission of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is to invite the children of God to return back into His presence. We believe the best way to accomplish this is to teach the people how to improve themselves both temporally and spiritually. We encourage them to perfect themselves. The buildings we build and the people we guide and strengthen will long stand as monuments to our commitment to assist in the building of this great country.”[5]Noorda, Norman and Sharon, “Nigerian Members Gather for Groundbreaking”, ldschurchnewsarchive.com, 9 March 2002, Accessed 29 August 2016, http://www.ldschurchnewsarchive.com/articles/41420/Nigerian-members-gather-for-groundbreaking.html.

GROUNDBREAKING ORDER
119

Date2002 02 23
ByH. Bruce Stucki
RoleSeventy
Attendees2,000

⮜Preceded by Redlands California
Followed by Manhattan New York

Render Released

It is uncertain at what time a render was released for the Aba Nigeria Temple, though for the time period, is is possible it was revealed at the groundbreaking.

OFFICIAL RENDER

Construction

The Church received government permission to rebuild Okpu-Umuoba Road including a new bridge, all at Church expense. Locals now call this “Temple Road. The original bridge, which temple materials would have to cross to reach the construction site, was wood plank on a metal frame. It was not uncommon to see laundry, cleaned in the river, hanging on the sides of the bridge to dry. The new bridge is concrete and steel. The new bridge is still used for laundry, only now it holds more.[6]Markham, Julie. Aba Nigeria Temple Open House, bsmarkham.com http://www.bsmarkham.com/mission/Africa/Jun%2005/aba.html.

One year after the groundbreaking of the Aba Nigeria Temple, Elder Russell M. Nelson of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles visited the construction site while on assignment to Ghana and Nigeria in February 2003. Elder Nelson commented that the construction is moving along nicely.[7]Heaps, Julie Dockstader. “Saints in West Africa await temples: Elder Nelson visits Ghana and Nigeria.” Church News 1 March 2003. 3 March 2003, https://www.thechurchnews.com/archives/2003-03-01/saints-in-west-africa-await-temples-103753.

Open House

VIP Tours of the temple were held for two days prior to the public touring the temple. Over 800 VIPs and 40 media representatives attended. VIPs included Tribal elders and leaders, and Tribal Royalty.[8]Markham, Julie. Aba Nigeria Temple Open House, bsmarkham.com http://www.bsmarkham.com/mission/Africa/Jun%2005/aba.html.

A public open house was held for 13 days from 18 June to 2 July 2005 (not open Sundays. ) 25,095 people toured the temple during this time, an average of 1,930 per day.[9]Whisenant, Vern and Donna “Heavenly”, ldschurchnewsarchive.com, 9 July 2005, Accessed 29 August 2016, https://www.thechurchnews.com/2005/7/9/23236344/heavenly.[10]Whisenant, Vern and Donna,“Temple Doors Open” ldschurchnewsarchive.com, 25 June 2005. Accessed 11 November 2014, https://www.thechurchnews.com/2005/6/25/23236393/temple-doors-open-to-visitors-in-aba-nigeria.

Some visitors to the the open house traveled ten hours to attend. One small family boarded buses for a five hour trip to attend the temple open house. The mother, pregnant with her second child, was induced into labor by the rough ride. The baby boy was born on the bus in the parking lot for the open house. His parents named him Temple.[11]Markham, Julie. Aba Nigeria Temple Open House, bsmarkham.com http://www.bsmarkham.com/mission/Africa/Jun%2005/aba.html.

OPEN HOUSE

Start Date2005 6 18
End Date2005 067 02
Days13
Attendees25,095
Per day1,930

Cultural Celebration

There was a Cultural Celebration on 6 August 2005, the day before the temple was dedicated. The Celebration was titled “Day of Rejoicing.” It was held on the temple grounds and featured 1,500 performers from 15 stakes.[12]“‘Day of Rejoicing’”, ldschurchnewsarchive.com, 13 August 2005. Accessed 11 November 2014, https://www.thechurchnews.com/2005/8/13/23236187/day-of-rejoicing/.

CULTURAL CELEBRATION

Date2005 08 06
TitleDay of Rejoicing
LocationAba Nigeria Temple
Performers1,500
Attendees7,415

Dedication

President Gordon B. Hinckley dedicated the Aba Nigeria Temple on 7 August 2005. 7,415 people attended the 4 dedicatory sessions, an average of 1,854 per session.[13]Heaps, Julie Dockstader. “Nigerian Temple to Bring a Healing.” Church News, 11 Jan. 2024, www.thechurchnews.com/2005/8/13/23236166/nigerian-temple-to-bring-a-healing.[14]Heaps, Julie Dockstader. “‘Day of Rejoicing.’” Church News, 11 Jan. 2024, www.thechurchnews.com/2005/8/13/23236187/day-of-rejoicing.

“I have confidence that the presence of this temple will become a great blessing to the people of Nigeria,” the Prophet said in a news conference the day before the dedication. He said the temple “speaks of goodness and virtue and truth and lifts the eyes of people toward God. I think that they cannot have that kind of experience without becoming better. A whole nation will be strengthened.”

DEDICATION ORDER
121

Date2005 08 07
ByGordon B. Hinckley
RolePresident
Sessions4
Attendees7,415

⮜Proceeded by San Antonio Texas
Followed by Newport Beach California

Dedicatory Prayer

Construction Duration

SpanDuration
Announced
to Groundbreaking
1 y,
10 m,
21 d
Groundbreaking
to
Dedication
3 y,
12 m,
12 d
Announced
to
Dedication
5 y,
3 m,
17 d

Dedicatory Order

GLOBAL

121

REGION
AFRICA
3

COUNTRY
NIGERIA
1

STATE
ABIA
1

COUNTY

CITY
ABA
1

Summary

The Aba Temple was the 121st active temple built in the world. It was the first temple built in Nigeria and the third built in Africa, following the Johannesburg South Africa Temple (1985) and Accra Ghana Temple (2004).

At the time of its dedication there were 5 temples under construction and 5 temples that had been announced and awaiting groundbreaking and no temples undergoing renovation.

Closing

The temple was closed in mid-June 2009 because of violence in the Aba area.[15]Stack, Peggy Fletcher “Violence forces closure of Nigeria’s LDS temple”, The Salt Lake Tribune, 26 August 2009. Accessed 16 October 2012[16]Taylor, Scott, “Violence forces closure of LDS Nigeria temple”, Deseret News, August 27, 2009. Accessed 16 October 2012In an e-mail to the Ogden Standard-Examiner a Nigeria temple worker reported an incident in which four gunmen were seen carrying AK-47s, with shooting reported in the area around the temple. Bullets from the shooting struck the guardhouse on the temple grounds. [17]Taylor, Scott, “Violence forces closure of LDS Nigeria temple”, Deseret News, August 27, 2009. Accessed 16 October 2012

Additionally, the city of Aba and its Nigerian state of Abia had seen a marked increase in reported kidnappings, including the 2007 kidnapping of four missionaries near Port Harcourt. [18]Taylor, Scott, “Violence forces closure of LDS Nigeria temple”, Deseret News, August 27, 2009. Accessed 16 October 2012

Though the temple was not specifically targeted, safety was a concern. LDS Church spokesman Scott Trotter said, “The safety of our temple visitors and workers is always our first concern. Incidents of violence in recent months in the area where the temple is situated are not necessarily related to the temple but could put church members at risk.” [19]Stack, Peggy Fletcher “Violence forces closure of Nigeria’s LDS temple”, The Salt Lake Tribune, 26 August 2009. Accessed 16 October 2012

Reopening

In 2010, Alexander A. Odume was called as president of the Aba Nigeria Temple, the first Nigerian to serve as temple president. Under his guidance, the temple opened on the basis of when people were scheduling ordinance work. By late 2011 the temple had resumed regular operations.

Presidents

Temple PresidentTemple MatronYears Served
Lekwauwa Oruada AgbaiLoretta Uche Oruada Agbai2025-
Adesina J. OlukanniFolashade Olukanni2022–2025
David William EkaEkaete David Akpan Eka2019–2022
John Edafe Kosin[20]“New Temple Presidents.” deseretnews.com.com, 20 July 2013. Accessed 29 August 2016Christiana Chuko Igbigbi Kosin2016–2019
John Ahuama Ihenkoro[21]“New Temple Presidents.” ldschurchnewsarchive.com, 20 July 2013. Accessed 12 November 2014Ada Bibiana Anyasi Ihenkoro2013–2016
Alexander Afamefune Odume[22]“New Temple President.”,  ldschurchnewsarchive.com, 20 February 2010. Accessed 11 November 2014.Theresa Amambiwendi Nwaokolo Odume2010–2013
Douglas Max Robinson[23]“New Temple Presidents”, ldschurchnewsarchive.com, 27 June 2009. Accessed 11 November 2014Carol Ann Hatch Robinson2009–2010
Blaine Taylor Harper[24]“New Temple Presidents.”  ldschurchnewsarchive.com,4 August 2007. Accessed 12 November 2014.Miriam Ecker Harper2007–2009
Jerry Valient Kirk[25]“New Temple Presidents.” ldschurchnewsarchive.com,16 October 2004. Accessed 12 November 2014.JoAnne Olson Kirk2005–2007

Details

Location

The highly visible site of the Aba Nigeria Temple is situated on 6.3 acres on the outskirts of Aba, north of the Ogbor River. A concrete bridge—constructed by the Church—spans the river, granting access to the temple complex.

Site

Also on site are a Stake Center, an Administration Office, and Accommodation Center. Landscaping includes native flowers and palm trees.

LOCATION

Address
Okpu-Umuoba Road
Off Aba-Owerri Road at Union Bank
Aba, Abia State
Nigeria

Elevation

FeetMeters
19259

Site

AcresHectares
6.32.5

Exterior

The exterior of the temple measures on Google Earth as being 45.42 m (152 ft . long,) by 23.47 m (77 ft.) wide and has an estimated footprint of 1,021.93 m (11,000 sq ft.)

Cladding

The exterior of the temple is done in 2 tones of Namibian Pearl granite, mined in South Africa.

Windows

The windows at the Aba Nigeria temple are tall skinny windows with 3 panes. The windows are arranged in sets of 3, 8 sets in all. The glass in the windows is Stained lead glass with white trim.

The design of the windows is unique to this particular 2nd generation small temple design, but a similar pattern was used in the windows for the Accra Ghana temple.

EXTERIOR

Exterior Finish
Namibian pearl granite

Architectural Features
Single attached spire inline with doors on long centerline

Specifications

FeetMeters
Height72 21.95
Width7723.47
Length15245.42
Footprint11,00021,021.932

Symbolism

Inscription

There are three inscriptions on the Aba Nigeria Temple.

The first is at the bottom level of the spire, Facing North North West. It is English text, engraved in the stone, and painted black.

HOLINESS TO THE LORD
THE HOUSE OF THE LORD

Intellectual Reserve

INSCRIPTION DETAILS

OrderHoliness > House
LocationNorth East Above Celestial Windows
LanguageEnglish
TypeEngraved
ColorBlack
SettingMarble
FontMichelangelo
GlyphNone
Church NameNo
Temple NameNo
DatesNo

The second is on the east most face of the temple, facing East North East above the Celestial Room Windows. It is English text, engraved in the stone, and painted black.

HOLINESS TO THE LORD
THE HOUSE OF THE LORD

Source uncertain

INSCRIPTION DETAILS

OrderHoliness > House
LocationNorth West Spire Base
LanguageEnglish
TypeEngraved
ColorBlack
Setting:Marble
FontMichelangelo
GlyphNone
Church NameNo
Temple NameNo
DatesNo

The third is on the glass transom above the doors. It is on the north-most face of the temple, facing North North West. It is English text, etched/frosted onto the clear glass panel.

HOLINESS TO THE LORD
THE HOUSE OF THE LORD

Source uncertain

INSCRIPTION DETAILS

OrderHoliness > House
LocationNorth West Entry Transom
LanguageEnglish
TypeEtched
ColorFrosted
SettingGlass
FontMichelangelo
GlyphNone
Church NameNo
Temple NameNo
DatesNo
Cornerstone

The cornerstone of the Aba Nigeria Temple is on the south east corner, facing east. It is English text, engraved in the stone, and unpainted.

ERECTED

2005

Source uncertain

CORNERSTONE DETAILS

LocationNorth east Corner
FacesEast North East
MaterialNamibian Pearl Granite
SetFlush
EdgeFlush
TypeEngraved
FinishUnfinished
LanguageEnglish

Spires and Finial

Spires

The Temple features a single attached spire. The single spire is a square tower, typical of the small temples that share this same floor plan. The spire is inline with the main entrance, being offset to the right of center on the length of the temple, but on the center line of the temple width. It consists of 4 levels of progressively smaller and taller cubes. The spire is finished with the same Namibian Pearl granite as the rest of the temple.

SPIRE

Spires1
Locationinline with entrance
FinishNamibian pearl granite
Typetower
shapesquare
Tower shapesquare
Finial

A Copy of Karl Quilter’s 1982, 7 foot fiberglass statue was placed upon the temple 23 February of 2004. The statue faces East North East.

Events
Placed23 February 2004
Remove, Re-gild, Return10 March 2018
Re-gild in PlaceSeptember 2023
Intellectual Reserve

FINIAL

Sculptor:Karl Quilter
Commissioned:1978
Completed:1982
Material:Fiberglass
Height:7 ft (2.1 m)
Weight:~300 lbs (181.4 kg)
Currently On:105 temples

Temple Specifics

Finish:Gold Leaf
Placed:23 February 2004
Faces::East North East

Interior

The Aba Nigeria Temple has an official total floor area of 11,500 square feet (1,070 m2).

Hardwoods

The interior features a type of African hardwood called Makore — a wood similar to mahogany. Furniture placed in the temple is made of Akala, a type of light-colored wood decorated with gold leafing.

Colors

“Colors used in this temple are more vivid because African fabrics are more colorful,” said designer Bengt Erlandsson. “Much thought and planning went into these designs.” Erlandsson spent several months in Africa studying African fabrics in order to receive inspiration for the temple’s interior.

Carpet

The carpet features custom designs and was sculpted by hand. The floor tile and windows throughout the temple also include African-inspired images.

Services Rooms

The temple has no food services and no clothing rental.

Entry/Waiting Area

The Entry and Waiting Area of the temple is directly under the spire of the temple, and sits between the Baptistry and First Instruction Room.

GENERAL INTERIOR

Area11,500 sqf (1,070 m2)
Floors above grade1
Floors below Grade0
Baptistries1
Initiatories2
Endowment Rooms2
Sealing Rooms2

Baptistry

The Aba Nigeria Temple has a single baptistry. It is located to the right of the main entrance of the temple, along the centerline of the structure, at the temple’s west end.

Copyright Intellectual Reserve

BAPTISTRY

Baptistries:1
Location:West end center
Exterior Windows:Yes
Artwork:Yes
Artwork Type:Framed, Opposing
  
Oxen:12
Type:1/4
Hoof:Visible
Color:White, Matte
Layout:Even Distribution
  
Font Exterior:White Stone
Interior:Light Blue Tile
Shape:Dodecagon
Bowl Shape:Dodecagon
Pillar:Reeds
Stairs:Single, Center
Font Well:Interior

Initiatory Spaces

There is one initiatory space attached directly to each of the changing rooms. There is one Room per changing room area, for a total of 2 booths.

Each Room is partitioned into 4 progressive spaces.

INITIATORY

StyleAttached
TypeProgressive
Rooms2

Instruction Rooms

On the other side of the entrance from the baptistry, are the temple’s two, progressive style instruction rooms.

Instruction Room A

The first instruction room is on the center line of the temple, Opposite the entrance from the Baptistry. Patrons will start a session in this room, and finish the session in the next. In this temple floor plan, this first room often has some type of mural. It is unknown if Aba has murals in this room.

Instruction Room B

Beyond the second instruction room, at the opposite end This room is also located on the centerline, between Instruction Room A and the Temple’s Celestial Room.

This picture is representative of the new temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ORDINANCE ROOM ©2000 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All Rights Reserved

INSTRUCTION ROOM

Rooms2
TypeProgressive 2
Capacity40
MuralsTBD
Total Muraled RoomsTBD
Mural TypeTBD

Celestial Room

The Celestial Room, a place for prayer and meditation representing Heaven, is at the east end of the temple on the center line, next to Instruction Room A.

Sealing Rooms

The Aba Temple has two sealing rooms, one each on either side of the Celestial room and Instruction Room B.

SEALING ROOM

Sealing Rooms2
Largest Capacity*35
*Estimated

Contractors and Individuals

Project Manager

The Project Manager for this temple was Russell S. Tanner, who has managed other temple construction projects for the Church.

Projects by Russell S. Tanner

ProjectYears*
Accra Ghana1998-2004
Aba Nigeria2000-2005
Oquirrh Mountain Utah2005-2009
*Estimated

Architect

While the general design and layout of the temple was designed by the Church’s Special Projects Department, the localization of the plans (converting plans for local measurements and code systems) and design was done by Adeniyi Coker Consultants Limited Architects of Lagos, Nigeria.[26]ACCL Architects To date, this is the only Temple designed by this Architect.

General Contractor

Marlum Nigeria Ltd. of Lagos Nigeria was the general contractor. To date, this is the only Temple built by this contractor.

Structural/Civil Engineer

Bezal Engineering Consultants Lrd, were the Civil/Structural engineering firm for this project. To date, this is the only Temple built by this contractor.

Region

Abia1Aba
Abuja1Abuja
Edo1Benin City
Cross River1Calabar
Akwa Ibom2Eket · Uyo
Lagos1Lagos
Angola1Luanda
Cabo Verde1Praia
DRC4Kananga · Kinshasa · Lubumbashi · Mbuji-Mayi
Ghana3Accra · Cape Coast · Kumasi
Ivory Coast1Abidjan
Kenya1Nairobi
Liberia1Monrovia
Madagascar1Antananarivo
Mozambique1Beira · Maputo
Nigeria7Aba · Abuja · Benin City · Calabar · Eket · Lagos · Uyo
ROC1Brazzaville
Sierra Leone1Freetown
South Africa3Cape Town · Durban · Johannesburg
Uganda1Kampala
United Arab Emirates1Dubai
Zimbabwe1Harare

Sources And Citations

Additional Articles

References

References
1 Hinckley, Gordon B.,“A Time of New Beginnings”, LDS.org, 2 April 2000. Accessed 11 November 2014, https://www.lds.org/general-conference/2000/04/a-time-of-new-beginnings.
2 Fidel, Steve. “LDS Leader Announces 6 New Temples.” Church News, 11 Jan. 2024, www.thechurchnews.com/2000/4/3/23246757/lds-leader-announces-6-new-temples.
3, 4, 5 Noorda, Norman and Sharon, “Nigerian Members Gather for Groundbreaking”, ldschurchnewsarchive.com, 9 March 2002, Accessed 29 August 2016, http://www.ldschurchnewsarchive.com/articles/41420/Nigerian-members-gather-for-groundbreaking.html.
6, 8, 11 Markham, Julie. Aba Nigeria Temple Open House, bsmarkham.com http://www.bsmarkham.com/mission/Africa/Jun%2005/aba.html.
7 Heaps, Julie Dockstader. “Saints in West Africa await temples: Elder Nelson visits Ghana and Nigeria.” Church News 1 March 2003. 3 March 2003, https://www.thechurchnews.com/archives/2003-03-01/saints-in-west-africa-await-temples-103753.
9 Whisenant, Vern and Donna “Heavenly”, ldschurchnewsarchive.com, 9 July 2005, Accessed 29 August 2016, https://www.thechurchnews.com/2005/7/9/23236344/heavenly.
10 Whisenant, Vern and Donna,“Temple Doors Open” ldschurchnewsarchive.com, 25 June 2005. Accessed 11 November 2014, https://www.thechurchnews.com/2005/6/25/23236393/temple-doors-open-to-visitors-in-aba-nigeria.
12 “‘Day of Rejoicing’”, ldschurchnewsarchive.com, 13 August 2005. Accessed 11 November 2014, https://www.thechurchnews.com/2005/8/13/23236187/day-of-rejoicing/.
13 Heaps, Julie Dockstader. “Nigerian Temple to Bring a Healing.” Church News, 11 Jan. 2024, www.thechurchnews.com/2005/8/13/23236166/nigerian-temple-to-bring-a-healing.
14 Heaps, Julie Dockstader. “‘Day of Rejoicing.’” Church News, 11 Jan. 2024, www.thechurchnews.com/2005/8/13/23236187/day-of-rejoicing.
15 Stack, Peggy Fletcher “Violence forces closure of Nigeria’s LDS temple”, The Salt Lake Tribune, 26 August 2009. Accessed 16 October 2012
16 Taylor, Scott, “Violence forces closure of LDS Nigeria temple”, Deseret News, August 27, 2009. Accessed 16 October 2012
17, 18 Taylor, Scott, “Violence forces closure of LDS Nigeria temple”, Deseret News, August 27, 2009. Accessed 16 October 2012
19 Stack, Peggy Fletcher “Violence forces closure of Nigeria’s LDS temple”, The Salt Lake Tribune, 26 August 2009. Accessed 16 October 2012
20 “New Temple Presidents.” deseretnews.com.com, 20 July 2013. Accessed 29 August 2016
21 “New Temple Presidents.” ldschurchnewsarchive.com, 20 July 2013. Accessed 12 November 2014
22 “New Temple President.”,  ldschurchnewsarchive.com, 20 February 2010. Accessed 11 November 2014.
23 “New Temple Presidents”, ldschurchnewsarchive.com, 27 June 2009. Accessed 11 November 2014
24 “New Temple Presidents.”  ldschurchnewsarchive.com,4 August 2007. Accessed 12 November 2014.
25 “New Temple Presidents.” ldschurchnewsarchive.com,16 October 2004. Accessed 12 November 2014.
26 ACCL Architects

Last updated on: 26 January 2026